The iBook G4 12" and 14" should boot without an optical drive installed. They should also boot without an optical drive AND without a hard drive installed from an external FireWIre volume or NetBoot volume. If it is not booting from the hard drive or an external source after you extracted the optical drive, then you either damaged another component in the process or reinstalled another component or reconnected a cable incorrectly. If you haven't tried to boot from an external volume, try that. You should also make sure that the RAM is seated correctly and that the DC-in cable is connected to the underside of the logic board correctly. All iBooks very much prone to logic board failure, especially the if the computer is handled incorrectly or roughly while disassembled. If that were the case, you computer would power on, but display no video on the screen f through the VGA port. If it doesn't power on, at a check the power connections. Do not cut any corners by leaving out what appear to be redundant screws....
One can remove the hard drive without removing/moving the logic board. Once the hard drive cable is detached from the logic board, one can lift the side of the hard drive closest to the logic board just enough to clear the RAM bracket and then carefully slide it out. It may be easier to remove it with the logic board pulled out but in my opinion the logic board (and CPU) should be left alone unless it is absolutely necessary.