Have you tried replacing the charger its self?

Have you checked to make sure the power cable is fully plugged in sometimes the cable can be slightly unplugged and work for a period of time than shut off.

It isn’t a problem with the HDD or SSD, if you hit esc+refresh+power it will show the chrome OS is deleted or missing error. It isn’t actually broken or missing, it is just a process needed to reset your Chromebook or get into developer mode. To repair it you just turn your computer off and on again.