I fixed it! I opened up my phone and after close inspection, and comparison to the Ifixit photos, I found a few problems. First, the screw fell out from the cellular/wifi diversity antenna. I have no idea how this happened, and I don't think this phone was opened before. Nevertheless, I was able to screw it back in. This photo shows where the screw would go. Second, a few metal ground pieces were broken. I have circled them in this photo. I then bought a metal bits and pieces kit from Amazon for the iPhone 8 Plus and replaced those ground connectors. Lastly, I superglued the broken part in the photo in my original post so this wouldn't happen again.
Do you have other accounts on the computer? Do they work? Your windows installation is likely corrupted, and windows may need to be reinstalled. Before you reinstall, try booting in safe mode, and see if it works. Then try running the disk check by opening cmd as administrator, and typing chkdsk C: /r, after that finishes, run sfc by typing sfc /scannow, and DISM by typing dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth into the terminal. If it still doesn't work, you can try creating another account in safe mode, or copying your data to a hard drive, and reinstalling windows.
With those kinds of laptops, ram, and storage are likely soldered to the motherboard. The CPU can probably not be replaced. I am not 100% sure if you can replace the ram or storage, but if you open it up, you may be able to see if there is removable ram and storage. If you can't tell, you can post a picture.
When putting the heatsink back on, do we only need to reapply cpu thermal paste, or do we have to replace the pink stuff? If so, what is the pink stuff, and where can I get it?