How to fix water leak issue with SodaStream Crystal 2.0

I'm experiencing a significant issue with my SodaStream Crystal 2.0 and hoping to get some advice or solutions.

The problem:
When I use the carbonation feature, there's a considerable water leak from the top part of the machine. After carbonation, I notice water visibly dripping for a long time, pooling inside the bottle container and at the base of the machine. Additionally, when the container and bottle are still pressurized, I hear a gurgling sound from the release valves, which I haven't noticed in other machines of the same model owned by friends.

Troubleshooting so far:
I removed the top cover to inspect the source of the leak. When I used the carbonation feature without the top on, I observed a substantial amount of water being emitted from the two valves circled in red in the picture.
The water was ejected with such force from the left one that it even made the ceiling above the machine wet. It seems that, somehow, the water is traveling back when the bottle is still pressurized.

Additional Info:
I'm being careful not to fill the provided glass bottles over the max level marked clearly visible on the bottles.

Background:
From what I've gathered, this issue doesn't seem to be isolated. I know at least one other person who had the same problem, and I found on Reddit an old post where two more people reported similar issues. Unfortunately, none of these posts had any solutions.

Seeking DIY Fix:
The machine is out of warranty, so I'm looking for any ideas or DIY fixes that could help resolve this problem. Has anyone else faced this issue and found a solution? Any advice or guidance would be greatly appreciated.