iPad Pro 10.5 (2017) suddenly stopped charging

You should be able to replace it with the 1701 version but if I were you, I would send it to someone who specializes in microsoldering. They should be able to diagnose and replace the damaged component on the board that way you can keep your data. In my shop, I personally use Jesse Cruz from VCC Board Repair for board level repairs that I’m not capable of performing and he’s very knowledgeable. There’s also Jessa Jones from iPad Rehab and she too is a board repair specialist. And both Jesse and Jessa have youtube channels you can check out. Heck Jessa has made a couple of appearances here on iFixit as well!